My interest in the tamarisk is, I suppose, of a more literary and symbolic sort where that of Theophrastus was botanical and scientific; nevertheless, it occurred to me to read his works on plants on deep background, as it were, for my tamarisk investigation. His mentions of the tamarisk in the first volume of his Enquiry Into Plants (Loeb edition, translation Sir Arthur Hort) are below. Some preliminary observations:
Theophrastus considers the tamarisk amphibious (ἀμφίβια), wild (ἄγριος) (as opposed to ἣμερος cultivated), evergreen (ἀείφυλλα), with fleshy (σαρκόφυλλον) slender (λεπτός) leaves and “thin” (also λεπτός) bark. (As if Theophrastus identified λεπτός with the tamarisk.)
It is classed among both trees (δένδρον) and shrubs (θάμνος).
It can be found around Mt. Olympus and in abundance around Mt. Haemus, but is most naturally acclimated to the arabian coast, where the wood is far stronger.
Otherwise, what’s most notable is that Theophrastus doesn’t mention the tamarisk a great deal, and usually we find it in a list of other plants given to provide an example of a certain quality or attribute. Nor does he mention it in his chapters on the industrial uses of plants, suggesting there was no such use for the tamarisk among the Greeks. (Whereas Herodotus, in his history, mentions that in Egypt the tamarisk was used for building rafts and its sap used to sweeten foods,– though we know from the below that Theophrastus considered the tamarisk in that part of the world somewhat different from that to be found in Greece.)
Tamarisk in Enquiry Into Plants I.
(Note that Theophrastus doesn’t separate items of a list with commas, which style the translator has preserved.)
I.IV.3 “However, if one should wish to be precise, one would find that even of these some are impartial and as it were amphibious, such as tamarisk willow alder, and that others even of those which are admitted to be plant of the dry land sometimes live in the sea, as palm squill asphodel.”
I.IX.3 “Again some trees are evergreen, some deciduous. Of cultivated tree, olive date-palm bay myrtle a kind of fir and cypress are evergreen, and among wild trees silver-fir fir Phoenician cedar yew odorous cedar the tree which the Arcadians call ‘cork-oak’ (holm-oak) mock-privet prickly cedar ‘wild pine’ tamarisk box kermes-oak holly alaternus cotoneaster hybrid arbutus (all of which grow about Olympos) andrachne arbutus terebinth ‘wild bay’ (oleander). Andrachne and arbutus seem to cast their lower leaves, but to keep those at the end of the twigs perennially, and to be always adding leafy twigs. These are the tree which are evergreen.
I.X.4-5 “Again there are various other difference between leaves; some trees are broad-leaved, as vine fig and plan, some narrow-leaved, as olive pomegranate myrtle. Some have, as it were, spinous leaves, as fir Aleppo pine prickly cedar; some, as it were, fleshy leaves; and this is because their leaves are of fleshy substance, as cypress taramisk apple, among under-shrubs kneoros and stoibe, and among herbaceous plants house-leek and hulwort. This plant is good against moth in clothes. For the leaves of beet and cabbage are fleshy in another way, as are those of the various plants called rue; for their fleshy character is seen in the flat instead of in the round. Among shrubby plants the tamarisk has fleshy leaves. Some again have reedy leaves, as date-palm doum-palm and such like.”
III.XVI.4 “The arbutus, which produces the edible fruit called memaikylon, is not a very large tree; its bark is thin and like that of the tamarisk, the leaf is between that of the kermes-oak and that of the bay.”
IV.V.7 “Some of these regions however have the plane in abundance, and others the elm and willow, others the tamarisk, such as the district of Mount Haemus. Wherefore such trees we must, as was said, take to be peculiar to their districts, whether they are wild or cultivated. However it might well be that the country should be able to produce some of these trees, if they were carefully cultivated: this we do in fact find to be the case with some plants, as with some animals.”
IV.VI.7 “The ‘sea-oak’ and ‘sea-fir’ both belong to the shore; they grow on stones and oyster-shells, having no roots, but being attached to them like limpets. Both have more or less fleshy leaves; but the leaf of the ‘fir’ grows much longer and stouter, and is not unlike the pods of pulses, but is hollow inside and contains nothing in the ‘pods.’ That of the ‘oak’ is slender and more like the tamarisk; the colour of both* is purplish.” (*Am fairly sure this ‘both’ refers to the sea-oak and sea-fir, not to the sea-oak and tamarisk.)
V.VI.8 “Moreover, the wood of the tamarisk is not weak there [Arabia], as it is in our country, but is as strong as kermes-oak or any other strong wood. Now this illustrates also the difference in properties caused by country and climate.”